Prevalence of brain fag syndrome and its correlation with stimulant use and socioeconomic/demographic characteristics among university undergraduate students in Nigeria

Background: Brain Fag Syndrome (BFS) is a culture-bound syndrome characterized by cognitive and somatic symptoms, commonly reported among African students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of BFS among Nigerian university students and examine its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate students from a university in the northwest region of Nigeria. The study utilized a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, stimulant use, course of study, and academic performance. The presence of BFS was assessed using standardized diagnostic criteria. Results:The study included a total of 625 participants, in their young adulthood. The prevalence of BFS among Nigerian university students was found to be 62.7%. The majority of affected students were aged 20-30, male, and from the Hausa ethnic group. No significant association was found between stimulant use and BFS. However, there was a significant relationship between the course of study and the occurrence of BFS. Academic performance (CGPA) showed a weak negative association with BFS. Other socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, relationship status, birth position, type of home, and family income did not predict the occurrence of BFS. Conclusion: The high prevalence highlights the need for attention to mental health issues among this population. The results emphasize the importance of considering the course of study and academic performance when studying BFS. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop effective interventions for students affected by BFS.

Professor ZHUANG Li-xing's experience of mind-regulation acupuncture for psychosomatic disorders / 中国针灸

Professor ZHUANG Li-xing's diagnosis and treatment method and manipulation key points of mind-regulation acupuncture for psychosomatic disorders are summarized. Professor ZHUANG proposes that psychosomatic disorders can be subdivided into "mind-body disorder" and "body-mind disorder". The former requires treatment aimed at regulating the mind. The main acupoints are Sishenzhen, Shenting (GV 24), Yintang (GV 24+), Shenmen (HT 7) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). The additional acupoints are Suliao (GV 25), Shuigou (GV 26), Shenmai (BL 62), Zhaohai (KI 6), Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3), etc. The latter requires treatment aimed at improving the original diseases, supplemented by regulating the mind (row acupuncture on the governor vessel). Acupoint selection is based on the theories of brain-mind, and the emphasis is placed on the governor vessel; in the meanwhile, regulating zangfu and qi-blood should be valued. After the arrival of qi, the Daoqi Tongjing method (the specific technique for directing qi and preserving essence) is applied, combined with auricular point sticking and fire needling at affected part to enhance the curative effect.

Psiquiatría transcultural y depresión en China: un relato clínico / Cross-cultural psychiatry and depression in the eastern population

El siguiente trabajo presenta la historia de una paciente de 19 años oriunda de China, que cursó una internación en una sala de psiquiatría de un hospital general por un cuadro de características depresivas. El caso es notable por el polimorfismo en la sintomatología clínica que presentó. El objetivo es analizar, a partir de él, la necesidad de un enfoque interdisciplinario que trate a la cultura como una variable significativa en la construcción de una enfermedad, entendiendo que los modelos fisiopatológicos resultan necesarios pero no suficientes para comprender de qué modo se constituye. Para dicho fin se hará un breve recorrido por los estudios efectuados en la década del 80 en China por el psiquiatra y antropólogo Arthur Kleiman y se desarrollará la perspectiva de la psicoanalista Helena Lunazzi, quien en su libro Alexitimia desarrolla cómo la cultura influye en la expresión verbal de las emociones. (AU)

The following work presents the history of a 19-year-old patient from China who was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital due to a depressive illness, being the case remarkable for the polymorphism in the clinical symptoms that she presented. The objective is to analyze the need for an interdisciplinary approach that treats culture as a significant variable in the construction of a disease, understanding that pathophysiological models are necessary but not sufficient to comprehend how they are constituted. For this purpose, a brief review will be made of the studies carried out in the 1980s in China by the psychiatrist and anthropologist Arthur Kleiman and the perspective of the psychoanalyst Lunazzi Helena, who in her book "Alexithymia" develops how culture influences the verbal expression of emotions. (AU)

Trocas na selva: uma experiência com grupo de fotoexpressão em meio ao distúrbio psicossomático / Exchanges in the jungle: a photoexpression group experience amid psychosomatic disorder / Cambios en la selva: una experiencia con grupo de fotoexpresión en medio al disturbio psicosomático

Este trabalho é mobilizado pela experiência institucional em um serviço de saúde publica que acolhe pacientes cuja problemática da somatização forma essencialmente seu quadro clínico. No sofrimento que circula no distúrbio psicossomático a incerteza do alojamento da psique no soma é a questão central. Todavia, esta clínica apresenta especificidades que desafiam as constantes de um enquadre psicanalítico tradicional. A técnica da Fotoexpressão como objeto mediador, utilizada em grupos, é observada como uma estratégia bastante apropriada no manejo destes pacientes. A situação clínica que este recurso suscita busca restabelecer a área de jogo e mediante uma zona intermediária, tenta abrir caminhos para processos elementares da experiência. Por meio de um recorte clínico buscamos problematizar a dimensão corporal e o elemento da violência diante do recurso da Fotoexpressão, analisando seus efeitos e possibilidades de deslocamentos.

This work is mobilized by an institutional experience in a public health service that welcomes patients whose somatization problem essentially forms their clinical picture. In the suffering that circulates in the psychosomatic disturbance the uncertainty of the psyche's accommodation in the soma is the central issue. However, this clinic has specificities that defy the constants of a traditional psychoanalytic framework. The technique of Photoexpression as a mediator object, used in groups, is observed as a very appropriate strategy in the management of these patients. The clinical situation that this resource raises seeks to reestablish the playing area and through an intermediate zone, tries to open the way for elementary processes of experience. Through a clinical outline we seek to problematize the body dimension and the element of violence in the face of the Photoexpression resource, analyzing its effects and possibilities of displacement.

Este trabajo es movilizado por la experiencia institucional en un servicio de salud pública que acoge pacientes cuya problemática de la somatización forma esencialmente su cuadro clínico. En el sufrimiento que circula en el disturbio psicosomático la incertidumbre del alojamiento de la psique en suma es la cuestión central. Todavía, esta clínica presenta especificidades que desafian las constantes de un encuadre psicoanalítico tradicional. La técnica de la Fotoexpresión como objeto mediador, utilizada en grupos, es observada como una estrategia bastante apropiada en el manejo de estos pacientes. La situación clínica que este recurso suscita busca restablecer la área del juego y mediante una zona intermediaria, intenta abrir caminos para procesos elementares de experiencia. Por medio de un recorte clínico buscamos problematizar la dimensión corporal y el elemento de la violencia ante al recurso de la Fotoexpresión analizando sus efectos y posibilidades de desplazamientos.

Body and symptom in the somatizing patient: a psychodynamic view / Corpo e sintoma no paciente somatizador: uma visão psicodinâmica

RESUMO: O texto aborda a concepção dual de corpo para a psicanálise, resultante do processo de constituição do psiquismo, que inicia na sensação, passando pela memória e chegando na representação e simbolização. Em seguida, discute o conceito de sintoma, apresentando breve percurso nas principais escolas psicossomáticas, visando trazer a divergência em relação ao sintoma carregar ou não um sentido. Apesar das controvérsias e divergências para atendimento a pacientes somatizadores, há concordância em relação a algumas características dos pacientes somatizadores: dissociação afetiva; dificuldade de simbolização e no estabelecimento de vínculos afetivos. O manejo clínico desses pacientes requer ajustes, o analista deve constituir um vínculo transferencial que possibilite a tradução ou nomeação do inominável, sua interpretação e ressignificação para integração na psiquê.

Abstract: The text addresses the dual conception of the body for psychoanalysis resulting from the psychic constitution process, which begins in sensation, through memory and coming in the representation and symbolization. Then it discusses the concept of symptom, presenting a brief view into the main psychosomatic schools, aiming to bring the divergence in relation to the symptom to carry a meaning or not. Despite the controversies and divergences in the care of somatizing patients, there is agreement in relation to some characteristics of somatizing patients: affective dissociation; difficulty of symbolization and in the establishment of affective bonds. The clinical management of these patients requires adjustments, the analyst must constitute a transferential link that allows for the translation or naming of the unnameable, its interpretation and reframing for integration in the psyche.

Cuerpo y silencio en el acoso moral en el trabajo: una reflexión desde la clínica del trabajo / Corpo e silêncio no assédio moral no trabalho: uma reflexão a partir da clínica de trabalho / Body and silence in the moral harassment at workplace: a reflection from the work clinic

ABSTRACT: The following essay reflects from the work clinic proposed by Dejours on the suffering for moral harassment at work that is felt in the body and that leads the victims to suffer different psychosomatic ailments. Being a stigmatizing violence, moral harassment at workplace obstructs the sublimatory potential of work, which negatively affects the subjectivity, pleasure and mental health of workers. This damage is analyzed in this essay on three cases of Chilean workers who experienced harassment in the performance of their work tasks in psychosocial programs of SENAME (National Service of Minors).

Resumen: El siguiente ensayo reflexiona desde la clínica del trabajo propuesta por Dejours sobre el sufrimiento por acoso moral en el trabajo que se siente en el cuerpo y que lleva a las víctimas a padecer diversas dolencias psicosomáticas. Al ser una violencia estigmatizante, el acoso moral en el trabajo obstruye las potencialidades sublimatorias del trabajo, lo que incide negativamente en la subjetividad, el goce y salud mental de los trabajadores. Aquel perjuicio se analiza en este ensayo mediante tres casos de trabajadoras chilenas que experimentaron acoso en el desempeño de sus labores en programas psicosociales del SENAME (Servicio Nacional de Menores).

Resumo: O ensaio a seguir discorre a partir da clínica do trabalho proposta por Dejours acerca do sofrimento do assédio moral no trabalho que se sente no corpo e que leva as vítimas a sofrerem diversas doenças psicossomáticas. Por ser uma violência estigmatizante, o assédio moral no trabalho obstrui as potencialidades sublimatórias do trabalho, o que afeta negativamente a subjetividade, o gozo e a saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Este dano é analisado neste ensaio mediante três casos de trabalhadoras chilenas que experimentaram assédio no desempenho de seus trabalhos em programas psicossociais do Servicio Nacional de Menores (SENAME).

Perception de la tension au travail (job strain) en milieu hospitalier à Pointe-Noire, Congo-Brazzaville / Perception of job strain in the hospital environment at Pointe-Noire, Congo-Brazzaville

Objectif : Evaluer la situation de job strain et les manifestations psychosomatiques ressenties par les personnels soignants des hôpitaux de Pointe-Noire. Méthodologie : L'étude était une enquête transversale analytique. Un auto-questionnaire monté selon le modèle « demande-contrôle-soutien ¼ de KARASEK, avait été utilisé pour recueillir de manière anonyme des données sociodémographiques, des informations relatives à l'état de santé, à leur poste de travail et d'identifier des facteurs de risques psychosociaux. Résultats : Sur l'ensemble des cent cinquante (150) soignants retenus, 47,02% présentaient une faible latitude décisionnelle contre 52,98% avec une forte latitude. La forte demande psychologique était perçue par 50,33% des soignants contre 49,67% avec une faible demande. La situation de job strain était retrouvée chez 26,67% des soignants. Les services des urgences et de médecine étaient les plus exposés avec respectivement 25% et 20% du personnel en situation de job strain. Une faible ancienneté au travail prédisposait à une perception de job strain plus élevée. Les médecins spécialistes et les infirmiers représentaient les catégories professionnelles les plus tendus avec respectivement 42,86% et 30,23% des individus concernés. Un lien statistique était retrouvé entre d'une part le job strain et d'autre part les troubles musculosquelettiques et l'auto-estimation de l'impact du travail sur la santé. Conclusion : Les risques psychosociaux notamment le stress sont une préoccupation réelle dans les établissements de soins et cette enquête a permis de noter qu'ils pourraient avoir des conséquences sur la santé des soignants à Pointe-Noire.

Objective: To assess the job strain situation and the psychosomatic manifestations felt by the health care worker of the Pointe-Noire hospitals. Methodology: It was an analytical cross-sectional survey. A self-questionnaire set up according to the KARASEK "demand-control-support" model had been used to anonymously collect sociodemographic data, information on their health situation, at their workplace and identify psychosocial risk factors. Results: of one hundred and fifty (150) caregivers considered, 47.02% had low decision latitude versus 52.98% with high latitude. The high psychological demand was felt by 50.33% of the medics versus 49.67% with a low demand. The job strain situation was found among 26.67% of medics. Emergency and medical departments were the most exposed with 25% and 20% of staff in a job-strain situation respectively. Low job seniority predisposed to a higher feeling of job-strain. Specialist doctors and nurses represented the most strained professional categories with 42.86% and 30.23% of the individuals concerned respectively. A statistical relation was found between job strain on the one hand and musculoskeletal trouble and self-estimation of the impact of work on health on the other hand. Conclusion: Psychosocial risks, particularly stress, are a real concern in health institutions and this survey note that there could be impact on medics' health in Pointe-Noire.

Formas extremas de sofrimento psíquico na infância e adolescência atuais / Extreme forms of psychic pain in current childhood and adolescence / Formas extremas del padecimiento psíquico en la infancia y la adolescencia actuales

O autor considera que o alarmante crescimento do número de suicídios de adolescentes constitui a ponta de um iceberg muito mais amplo: o sofrimento profundo, muitas vezes naturalizado, das gerações mais jovens. É um sofrimento em que o olhar sociológico costuma verificar o fracasso dos adultos na transmissão de um legado que permita a inclusão dos recém-chegados no corpo social. Nós, psicanalistas, registramos - paradoxalmente ­ um êxito nessa conjuntura inquietante: aquele que corresponde às tendências filicidas e destrutivas para com os jovens, as quais autores como Raskovsky, Winnicott e Lacan exploraram em suas análises. São examinadas algumas peculiaridades sintomáticas da adolescência atual. Examina-se a orientação fornecida por algumas observações de Freud e Lacan com o intuito de acomodá-las e processá-las no dispositivo analítico (AU)

The author considers that the alarming growth in the number of adolescent suicides is the tip of a much larger iceberg: the deep suffering, often accepted as natural, of the younger generations. It is a pain in which the sociological analysis usually finds the adults' failure in conveying a legacy that enables inclusion of the newcomers in the social body. We psychoanalysts register ­ paradoxically ­ a success in this disturbing situation: the one that corresponds to filicidal and destructive impulses towards the youngsters, which authors such as Raskovsky, Winnicott and Lacan explored in their work. Some symptomatic peculiarities of current adolescence are examined. Guidance provided by some Freudian and Lacanian observations is examined to accommodate and process them in the analytical field (AU)

El autor considera que el crecimiento alarmante de las cifras de suicidio adolescente constituye la punta de un iceberg mucho más extendido: el profundo padecimiento, muchas veces naturalizado, de las generaciones jóvenes. Es un padecimiento en el que la mirada sociológica suele verificar el fracaso de los adultos en la transmisión de un legado que permita incluir a los recién llegados en el cuerpo social. Los psicoanalistas registramos ­ paradojalmente ­ un éxito en esta coyuntura inquietante: el que corresponde a las tendencias filicidas y destructivas para con los jóvenes, que han explorado en sus desarrollos autores como Raskovsky, Winnicott El autor considera que el crecimiento alarmante de las cifras de suicidio adolescente constituye la punta de un iceberg mucho más extendido: el profundo padecimiento, muchas veces naturalizado, de las generaciones jóvenes. Es un padecimiento en el que la mirada sociológica suele verificar el fracaso de los adultos en la transmisión de un legado que permita incluir a los recién llegados en el cuerpo social. Los psicoanalistas registramos ­ paradojalmente ­ un éxito en esta coyuntura inquietante: el que corresponde a las tendencias filicidas y destructivas para con los jóvenes, que han explorado en sus desarrollos autores como Raskovsky, Winnicott (AU)

Lo psicosomático en lo infantil / Psychosomatic disorders of childhood

El concepto de lo psicosomático no es psicoanalítico, sin embargo, es claro que desde sus inicios la relación entre el cuerpo y el psiquismo es fundamental en la construcción de la teoría psicoanalítica y a travesará todos sus desarrollos. El psicoanálisis es el primero en proponer un modelo etiológico para explicar los síntomas corporales en donde lo psíquico tiene un lugar preponderante. El presente texto constituye un recorrido por este concepto, como Lacan, quien, a pesar de haberse referido en muy pocas ocasiones al respecto, nos permite, a través de otras conceptualizaciones, diferenciar el proceso de conversión histérica y el fenómeno psicosomático, en el que de lo que se trata es de una respuesta corporal que queda por fuera de cualquier orden, inclusive el simbólico. De esta manera podemos encontrar como somera conclusión que cuando el dolor no encuentra salida en las lágrimas son otros órganos los que lo expresan

Even though the concept of psychosomatic phenomenon is not a psychoanalytical one, the study of the relationship between body and psychism has been of paramount importance in the development of each aspect of psychoanalytical theory, Psychoanalysis is the first discipline to propose an etiological model to explain bodily symptoms while attibuting psychic dimension a preponderant role. The pesent paper focuses on thet concept, taking into consideration perspectives such a Lacan's, whose work allow us to distinguish between hysterical conversion and psychosomatic phenomenon, a body's response which doesn't conform to any order, not even the symbolical one. Given this, we can conclude that when pain is not expressed through tears, it is expressed through other organs

Los trastornos psicosomáticos en el niño y el adolescente / The psychosomatic disorders in children and adolescents

Los trastornos psicosomáticos se caracterizan por manifestaciones somáticas de origen no patológico y poseen una significativa prevalencia en niños y adolescentes; sin embargo, resulta difícil identificarlos, pues no existe un consenso adecuado para su diagnóstico y las investigaciones acerca del tema son insuficientes. Lo anterior condujo a efectuar el presente artículo, en el que se abordan aspectos etiopatogénicos y clinicoepidemiológicos que proporcionan los principales elementos para identificar dichos trastornos y establecer un diagnóstico acertado; asimismo se destaca que estas afecciones son frecuentes en poblaciones infantojuveniles con rasgos de introversión y/o antecedentes personales y familiares de enfermedades físicas y mentales, y que su causa es multifactorial, aunque entre los muchos factores sobresalen la vulnerabilidad al estrés, la disfunción familiar, la sobreprotección parental, así como también las situaciones precipitantes (acoso escolar, separación de los padres, abuso sexual) y las perpetuadoras; estas últimas están condicionadas por los beneficios primario y secundario que los menores obtienen de estos padecimientos.

The psychosomatic disorders are characterized by somatic signs of non-pathological origin which possess a significant prevalence in children and adolescents; however, it is difficult to identify them, because there is no appropriate consent for its diagnosis and the investigations about the topic are insufficient. That is the reason why we decided to carry out the present work, in which some etiopathogenic, clinical and epidemiological aspects are approached that provide the main elements to identify these disorders and to establish a good diagnosis; it is also relevant that these disorders are frequent in juvenile populations with introversion features and/or personal and family history of physical and mental diseases, with multifactorial cause, although among the many relevant factors we can mention vulnerability to stress, family dysfunction, parental overprotection, as well as the precipitant situations (school harassment, parents' separation, sexual abuse) and the permanent situations; the latter are conditioned by the primary and secondary benefits that minors obtain with these sufferings.

The function of the recourse to the substance in the psychosis: links and disconnections / A função do recurso à substância na psicose: enlaces e desenlaces

RESUMO: Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os impasses em relação à função do recurso à substância na psicose. As contribuições da clínica nodal e da clínica das psicoses ordinárias permitem ressituar a investigação da função do recurso à substância na psicose na economia de gozo de cada sujeito em função dos enlaces, desenlaces e reenlaces em relação ao Outro. Para além da função estabilizadora do recurso à substância, via identificação imaginária ao significante "sou toxicômano", fragmentos de casos clínicos evidenciam que o recurso à substância na psicose pode promover um desenlace em relação ao Outro, reforçar a foraclusão, promover efeitos devastadores no corpo ou, ainda, funcionar como um dos nomes do pior.

Abstract: This article aims to present the impasses regarding the function of the recourse to the substance in the psychosis. The contributions of the nodal clinic and the clinic of ordinary psychoses allow us to resituate the investigation of the function of the recourse to the substance in the psychosis in the economy of enjoyment of each subject in function of the links, disconnections and re-links in relation to the Other. In addition to the stabilizing function of substance use, via the imaginary identification of the signifier "I am a drug addict", fragments of clinical cases show that recourse to the substance in psychosis can promote a disconnection in relation to the Other, promotes devastating effects on the body or even function as one of the worst names.

Ilusão simbiótica e construção da identidade feminina nos transtornos alimentares: perspectiva da psicossomática psicanalítica / Symbiotic illusion and female identity construction in eating disorders: a psychoanalytical psychosomatics' perspective

Abstract: This study aims primarily to reflect on the role of symbiotic illusion in the construction of female identity in women with eating disorders (ED), using premises from psychoanalytic psychosomatics. Considering ED as psychopathologies related to the affective economy, Oedipal relations play crucial role in the process of identity constitution. Mother-daughter relationships in ED are shaped in the molds of symbiotic illusion, with weak father figures. We presented a case study to briefly illustrate the theoretical framework. The omissive posture of a father to interdict the symbiotic relation leads daughters to find themselves unable to libidinally invest in other objects.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre o papel da ilusão simbiótica na construção da identidade feminina em mulheres com transtornos alimentares (TAs), utilizando as premissas da psicossomática psicanalítica. Considerando-se os TAs como psicopatologias relacionadas à economia afetiva, as relações edípicas desempenham papel crucial no processo de construção de identidade. As relações mãe-filha nos TAs são moldadas pela ilusão simbiótica, com figuras paternas enfraquecidas. Nós apresentamos brevemente um estudo de caso para ilustrar os conceitos do referencial teórico. A postura omissa do pai para interditar a relação simbiótica com a mãe leva a filha à impossibilidade de investir libidinalmente em outros objetos.

"na areia da carne": por uma clínica psicanalítica dos fenômenos psicossomáticos / "in the sand of the flesh": for a psychoanalytic clinical of psychosomatic phenomena

Resumo: Neste artigo, buscaremos aprofundar nosso entendimento clínico acerca dos fenômenos psicossomáticos como uma escrita direta no corpo, articulando sua distinção dos sintomas enquanto formações do inconsciente, como a psicanálise os concebe. Enfatizaremos o contraste entre essas formações clínicas psicopatológicas e os sintomas enquanto metáfora, abordando hipóteses possíveis para a direção do tratamento.

Abstract: In this article we will seek to deepen our clinical understanding about psychosomatic phenomena as a direct writing in the body, articulating its distinction from symptoms as formations of the unconscious, as how psychoanalysis conceives them. We will emphasize the contrast between these psychopathological clinical formations and the symptoms as a metaphor, addressing possible hypotheses for the direction of treatment.

Use of psychiatric drugs in Dermatology

Abstract Patients with psychocutaneous disorders often refuse psychiatric intervention in their first consultations, leaving initial management to the dermatologist. The use of psychotropic agents in dermatological practice, represented by antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers, should be indicated so that patients receive the most suitable treatment rapidly. It is important for dermatologists to be familiar with the most commonly used drugs for the best management of psychiatric symptoms associated with dermatoses, as well as to manage dermatologic symptoms triggered by psychiatric disorders.

A significant relationship between personality traits and adhesive capsulitis

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between adhesive capsulitis (AC) and a specific psychological profile. METHODS We assessed 72 patients with phase-II AC. In our study, 36 patients were affected by primary disease and 36 by secondary disease. The inclusion criteria were as follows: unilateral AC and pain in the shoulder for at least two months. The exclusion criteria were: psychiatric and neurological manifestations with a previous diagnosis and inability to comprehend the instruments. Outcomes were determined at 52 weeks. Shoulder pain severity was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale. We also measured the range of motion with a universal goniometer and the strength with the Medical Research Council. We assessed the personality traits of our patients with the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. RESULTS Patients with primary AC needed more time to improve the symptomatology compared to the group with the secondary disease (p<0.01). Patients with primary AC complained of severe and lasting pain more frequently than patients with the secondary disease (p< 0.01). In patients with primary disease, the prevalence of perfectionism, low levels of novelty seeking, and high levels of harm avoidance were 88.2 and 86.2%, and 80.4, respectively, and below 20 percent in patients with secondary AC disease. CONCLUSION We found a significant correlation between primary AC and particular personality traits, indicating an interaction between psychological and somatic factors.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar as associações entre a capsulite adesiva (CA) e um perfil psicológico específico. METODOLOGIA Foram avaliados 72 pacientes com CA fase II. Em nosso estudo, 36 pacientes foram afetados pela doença primária e 36 pela secundária. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: CA unilateral e dor no ombro durante por pelo menos dois meses. Os critérios de exclusão foram: manifestações neurológicas e psiquiátricas com um diagnóstico prévio e incapacidade de compreender os instrumentos de medição utilizados. Os resultados foram determinados após 52 semanas. A intensidade da dor no ombro foi avaliada usando a Escala Visual Analógica. Também medimos a amplitude de movimento com um goniômetro universal e a força com a escala do Conselho de Pesquisa Médica. Avaliamos os traços da personalidade dos nossos pacientes através do Inventário de Temperamento e Caráter de Cloninger e da Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo. RESULTADOS Pacientes com CA primária precisaram de mais tempo para melhorar a sintomatologia quando comparados ao grupo secundário (p<0,01). Pacientes com CA primária apresentaram mais queixas de dor intensa e duradoura do que pacientes secundários (p< 0,01). Em pacientes com a doença primária, a prevalência de perfeccionismo, baixos níveis de procura por novidade, e altos níveis de prevenção de danos foram 88,2, 86,2% e 80,4, respectivamente, e abaixo de 20% em pacientes secundários. CONCLUSÃO Encontramos uma correlação significativa entre CA primária e traços de personalidade específicos, indicando uma interação entre fatores psicológicos e somáticos.

Psychodynamic Study about Reflux and Colic During the First Year of Life / Estudo Psicodinâmico dos Sintomas Refluxo e Cólica no Primeiro Ano de Vida / Estudio Psicodinámico de los Síntomas de Reflujo y Cólico en el Primer Año de Vida

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the psychodynamics of three mother-infant pairs with reflux diagnosis and two with colic diagnosis and their possible relation to the referred psychosomatic disorders. Qualitative exploratory study in which the sample was composed after signing the informed consent form. Instruments: semi-directed interview, seven boards of the Thematic Apperception Test and Naturalistic Observation. Content analysis of the interviews and TAT boards was performed and the way the mother perceived the productions of the baby was considered from naturalistic observation. These analyses supported psychodynamic interpretations of the functioning of the dyads studied. As main results, the reflux group highlights the need for maternal support and the presence of maternal ambivalence. In mother-infant pairs with colic, there is anxiety regarding their own ability to care for their child. In both groups, there is environmental influence on the way mothers feel about sufficiently good mothering.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a psicodinâmica de três pares mãe-bebê com diagnóstico de refluxo e dois com diagnóstico de cólica e sua possível relação com as referidas desordens psicossomáticas. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e exploratório cuja a amostra foi composta após assinatura do termo de consentimento. Instrumentos: entrevista semi-dirigida, sete pranchas do Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) e Observação Naturalista. Procedeu-se análise de conteúdo das entrevistas e das pranchas do TAT e, da observação naturalista, valorizou-se principalmente a maneira como a mãe percebeu as produções do bebê. Estas análises respaldaram interpretações psicodinâmicas do funcionamento das díades estudadas. Como principais resultados, destaca-se no grupo refluxo a necessidade de apoio para maternar e presença de ambivalência materna. Já nos pares mães-bebês com cólica, há ansiedade frente à própria capacidade de cuidar do filho. Nos dois grupos, há influência ambiental na maneira como as mães se sentem no exercício da maternagem suficientemente boa.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la psicodinámica de 3 parejas madre-bebé con diagnóstico de reflujo y 2 con cólico y la posible relación de estos síntomas con trastornos psicosomáticos. El estudio es cualitativo y exploratorio. La muestra se compuso después de que los participantes firmaron el formulario de consentimiento. Instrumentos: entrevista semidirigida, 7 láminas del Test de Apercepción Temática y observación naturalista. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las entrevistas y de las láminas del TAT y, a partir de la observación naturalista, se valoró la forma en que la madre percibió las producciones del bebé. Estos análisis respaldaron interpretaciones psicodinámicas del funcionamiento de las díadas estudiadas. Como resultados principales, en el grupo reflujo se destacan la necesidad de apoyo a la madre y la presencia de ambivalencia materna. En las parejas madre-bebé con cólico, se percibe ansiedad con respecto a la capacidad para cuidar al niño. En ambos grupos, hubo influencia ambiental en los sentimientos de las madres sobre el buen ejercicio de la maternidad.

Determinación social del malestar psicológico y el estrés en hombres que ejercen violencia familiar en la Ciudad de México / Social determinants of psychological distress and stress in men who perpetrate family violence in Mexico City

RESUMEN El objetivo es describir y analizar la determinación social del malestar psicológico y el estrés en dos grupos de hombres de la Ciudad de México que asistían a programas reeducativos por violencia familiar. Para ello, se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, descriptivo con metodología cualitativa y enfoque interpretativo, en el que se aplicó un cuestionario y se realizaron grupos focales. Los síntomas de estrés reportados fueron dolores musculares; insomnio y pesadillas; náuseas, dolor de estómago e indigestión; dolores de cabeza, mareos, irritabilidad o mal humor. Los principales problemas que podrían estar generando esta sintomatología serían la economía personal y familiar; la salud de ellos y sus familiares y los malestares mentales, entre otros aspectos. Existen diferencias relacionadas con las condiciones de vida y los efectos de la violencia doméstica. Los abordajes que solo consideran la masculinidad hegemónica o el género para el trabajo con varones en sus diferentes condiciones y problemáticas, sin considerar la desigualdad social y, en especial, las condiciones de vida, pueden ser insuficientes para explicar y modificar las causas de las afectaciones generadas y experimentadas por los varones.

ABSTRACT The social determinants of psychological distress and stress are described and analyzed in two groups of men attending reeducation programs for family violence in Mexico City. A non-experimental, descriptive, transversal study was conducted employing a qualitative methodology and an interpretive approach, in which questionnaires were utilized and focus groups were held. Symptoms of stress that were reported included muscle aches, insomnia and nightmares, headaches or dizziness, irritability or bad mood, nausea, stomach pain and indigestion. The principal issues that could be identified as the root of these symptoms included personal and family finances, their own health or that of their family members, and mental distress, among others. Differences with respect to living conditions and the effects of domestic violence were present. We argue that initiatives directed at men and their particular conditions and problems which are based on a hegemonic view of masculinity and gender are likely to be limited in their capacity to explain and modify the causes of situations generated by and experienced by men.